Rome+and+Greece

Rome and Greece

A.P.A.R.T.S. CHARTS

= Thucydides on Athens = A
 * Thucydides Greek historian from 460 B.C.E.-395 B.C.E.
 * known for scientific history

P P
 * Athens

A "you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that men were enabled to win all this, and that no personal failure in an enterprise could make them consent to deprive their country of their bravery except as a sacrifice of the most serious contribution they could offer." R
 * Athen soldiers/warriors/veterans "
 * This article seems to be having many meanings yet hidden meanings in between. When fist reading this article you can feel the pride and superfluous reasonings as to why Athens and Athens people are so great and superior to many other countries explaining their caring nature and forgiving attitude however as you continue to read the author express the greatness and importance of war and how it should be honored for all those within and all those who have died. This article seems to be contradicting its self slightly coming form a compassionate country to a country whose main importance is the role of war and the beings of.
 * to give grievences/comfort to lives lost and to explain that Athens is open for all

T "So died these men as became Athenians."- "for the Athens that I have celebrated is only what the heroism of these and others like them have made her"
 * The greatness of Athens and the peoples importance when it comes to serving your country.
 * the importance of rulling you country and how you should be proud to be apart of this war that extends

S
 * for the families who lost their lives the city will take care of future gen.
 * Warriors/soldiers was probably the main political social group
 * Honor and loyalty main importance

= Plutarch on Life in Sparta = A P P >Sparta ruled with a militeristic rule A >. people of Sparta
 * Used to be greek then converted roman
 * 46 – 120 AD,
 * Traveler
 * proflic writter
 * notable for being and optamist
 * Sparta 1 century
 * Athens and Sparta have been rivals for many years
 * Current political standpoint (durring this time)=monarcy
 * Other historians or anyone reading. You notice this in the way he speaks in second person as if he were expalanning the facts as if you were there.

R >justify the existance and actions

T >created new upbringing gerorations first to thrive "to upliift Sparta" S > displays the rules of Sparta and the diceplen and organization brought within its people.
 * Challenges to Spartan goverment were maid so Lycurgus used extreme measures in political status
 * Fear of in comming tyranny from the rifts of democracy and current rulling monarcy
 * Lycurgus creates house of senate first stable form of council in political background making him 'blend in with the ferverish goverment of kings"
 * wealthy and poverty divisions, "the city was heavily burdened with indigent and helpless people, and wealth was wholly concentrated in the hands of a few"
 * created division of lands to try and create "uniformity" and equality
 * banishment of arts (Monster)
 * Use of iron money only after gold and silver were taken away (another form of equality or robbing?

ATHENS AND SPARTA COMPARE AND CONTRAST

[]

Structures of goverment differences (Blue Athens, Red Sparta, Purple same)

Spartan was an “Oligarchy-ruled by few 'Government was very exclusive and open to members of the only the highest social standing." Spartan goverment gave less say to the people  Represented strong military aristocracy  "Spartan men attended a common mess to enjoy food in moderation. Food and drink were each rationed at the common messes." Women were based on "physical and athletic prowess"  Land based armies

Athens a democracy Athens goverment surrounded by people population giving them more say in the rullings Diverse commercial state Athenian men attended “symposiums”, meaning “drinking together” Women based on beauty Navy military

Once in law structure you can never get out No ideas or forms of autocracy-solo rule (isn't that the same as a monarcy?) Use of slaves Leading states in olympic games Only men were omitted into these food gatherings on both parts Respective military forces in aims for the conquering of the Classical Mediterranean Empire notes
 * greeks-
 * the revolution-508 BC Athens people against rulers (isagurus) lasted for only 3 days until surrender
 * clystenies-leads fellow greeks twords the freedom and empire

-rich family part of a long and political dynasty tought to be an aristocrat inspired by ancient stories and myths that were memorized and past on by travaling bonds Famous stories-illiate,Odeccy tries to over throw Hipeass-sucess and Hippeass ends up banished brought back from exile in order to create a new goverment He brings a sense of a United nations but with the people of Athens-voting every 9 days greece and Athens not ment to have great civilization more of a 3rd world country not a city of equals turned against its self people were conspiraing against Clystenies such as Isagurus Ordianary people Heros of Athens politics in the New Athens Democracy dictator aristocrate who spread wird/alliance to the Spartans in order to gain power succeded and banned Clystenies
 * Clystenies
 * Athens
 * Isagurus

you were in the bottom of the chain in the social status new style of painting competition
 * The creation of the vase (made in Athens)

divided into city states that m aintained its own indepedence corithians dominaate greek trade greeks were scattered
 * Greece

raised in the felid ment only to know the ways of war few possesion only their wepons and red cloth death was better than eating their food Hellatss- were ruled with iron fist main candidate in creating a great empire
 * Sparta

Greek hero-acyleas the more women you slept wioth the more you were considered a hero
 * Heros

gained his rule by claming he had the blessing of the goddes Athena (fake) increased succes in Athens olive trees=economic supply died in 527 BC son took over
 * Pysistertus

Tyranny ruins fathers governent sought for self preservation
 * Hipeass( son of pysistertus)

place of Olympic games founded in 777BC any one was allowed into Olympiic gamers 40 thousand Greeks would gather for this game women not allowed into games or in or near stadium
 * Olympia

New threat to Athens 30 thousand men invade Greece and Athens
 * Persian Empire

After Movie

Q: Explain the key factors in the developement of Athens. A:The people of Athens were not meant to be a domoinanting society. With the ruling of a few kings taking all power away from the people you could say that they were slaves. The people of Athens had many rulers keeping its structure shaky form tyrants such as Isagurus to those who tried to create a stable govermental society such as Cleilsthenes.

   
 * when a group comes into power and it is taken away people take it within themselves to take it back which is what the people of Athens have done/
 * E || MI: Roman economy was based on commercial agriculture, free labor of slaves, and trade such as of products of grapes and olives.
 * Trading levels and birth rate fell after the decline of the empire that lasted 250 years (until 476 B.C.E.
 * Based on agriculture, trade, and slavery
 * Main importance of minor cities
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Farmers, dependant on the protection of large landlords
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Commercial trade in the south and slowly in to the North (Africa)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Supervised grain trade form Egypt and Sicily
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Military expansion helped by the increase in slaves
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mining for Metal and Iron ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">S || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">MI: The roman structure was terrible when it came to the needs of the common people however, within those structures lied partrichal families where men were still dominant in all aspects and social class. * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pushed for westward civilizations since the bases of the Middle East along the Nile.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rise of Rome final phase of classical Mediterranean civilizations
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Monarchy 800-509 B.C.E. until the new political system of the Roman Republic
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Roman Republic-conquered Greek colonies in the south
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The poor rebel
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Merchants have a higher status
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Husband and father in control of the family
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Women-vital economic functions and power within the house hold if within higher social class, Active in business
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Children (girl infants) put to death if too many already with in the family
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Roman legal ideals modified family control ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">P || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">MI: With the many wars going on in search of power within the Greek borders Rome was known for its strong military aristocracy * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Strong military
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Politics unstable creating a less affective government.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Local government
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Senate- Executive officers in Roman state ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Comedy and tragedy used in Western literature ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">R || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">MI: Rome was not big when it came to the ideals of religion however it was used in hopes of uniting the people within the nation * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Did not generate a major religion
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Christianity adopted by Constantine emperors in order to unify nation during the decline
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Greco-Roman religion-belief of gods and goddesses seen as regulating human life
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Zeus/Jupiter-father god that ruled over all others such as Athena and Apollo
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ceremonies of god had political importance
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">More seen in the eyes of Romans in terms of what they could do for and reveal about humankind-Unlike Indians
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lack of spiritual passion
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“Mystery religion” from the Middle East=divine powers
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Upper-class dissatisfaction ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">MI: With the beliefs of Gods and Goddesses within the roman empire culture and intellectual forms increased through literature and architecture displaying of there qualities and answers to human life/existence/behavior * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Story telling of Gods like soap operas
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Textbooks administered to upper-class schoolchildren
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Arches to support structural weight on buildings
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Temples, statues, and plays devoted to the gods of the religion
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Realistic portrayals of human form
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sappho (around 600 B.C.E.) woman author
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Music and dance festivals
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Plays and poetry
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Painters produced realistic decorations for the homes of the wealthy ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">T || * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Great roads
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Aqueducts that carried water into cities
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ship building and navigation ||


 * Key Terms**


 * Cyrus the Great**


 * Established Persian Empire (550 B.C.E.)
 * Survived in the northeastern portion of the Middle east


 * Zoroastrianism**


 * Belief of Good and Evil
 * Life after death
 * Stressed importance of moral choice


 * Olympic games**


 * Athletic competitions that focused on strength, the representation of ones state
 * Pan-Hellenic ritual


 * Pericles**


 * Famous Greek political figure
 * Aristocrat although part of democratic political structure


 * Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.)**


 * Wars Between Athens and Sparta in search for dominance in south Greece
 * Victory=Sparta


 * Philip II**


 * From Macedon
 * Father of Alexander the Great
 * Ruled Macedon 359-336 B.C.E.


 * Hellenistic Period**


 * Influenced by the Hellenes (Greeks)
 * Combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms


 * Alexandria**


 * Egyptian city
 * Scientific center spread by Hellenistic kings


 * Roman republic**
 * Spread influence between Italian peninsula
 * Consisted of conquered countries in south Greece
 * Featured an aristocratic Senate
 * Punic Wars (246-146 B.C.E.)**
 * Fight between Rome and Carthage for power over Mediterranean
 * Victory=Rome
 * Bloody defeat
 * Carthage**
 * Phoenician city
 * Located on Northern coast of Africa
 * Major port in commercial power in Western Mediterranean
 * Agriculture structure destroyed after Punic war
 * Julius Caesar (45 B.C.E.)**
 * Roman War general
 * Created the end to traditional institutions of the Roman state
 * Assassinated by best friend
 * Augustus Caesar**
 * Julius Caesar’s nephew
 * Seized power in 27 B.C.E.
 * Diocletian and Constantine Emperors**
 * Helped/Tried to reverse the economic decline
 * Constantine adopted Christianity belief into Roman life style in order to unite the country before war-failed


 * Senate**
 * Legislative body
 * Consisted of aristocrats
 * Executive officers in Roman state
 * Could choose dictator to emergency authority over consuls
 * Aristotle**
 * Greek philosopher
 * Teacher of Alexander the great
 * Observer of material world
 * Expressed moderation and balance in human behavior
 * Stoics**
 * Expressed inner moral independence
 * Belief in personnel bravery
 * Blended in with religious beliefs of Christianity
 * Socrates**
 * Spread beliefs in questioning of conventional wisdom
 * Thought to be undermining political authority (threat?)
 * Plato**
 * Socrates’ pupil
 * Suggested human reason could be understood in three parts
 * -True
 * -Good
 * -Beautiful
 * >Characterized nature
 * The Doric. Ionic, Corinthian**
 * Three embellishments on the tops of Roman Agriculture supporting the massive buildings