Spain+and+Portugal+in+the+Americas

Spain

[|CastaSystemVirreinato.JPG] The image persented on the board clearly gives the Idea to Europeans that the Natives are savages and canibles. TO some this could have influenced tjem to be sympathetic twords Natives feeling that it was within their own good to be brought out of theses conditions even through slavery. However, some may also feel as if it was a burden in taking them in, people who are seen as lower than human. There contact in general being a bad influence. It would all depend on the kind of person you were.

Spanish Colonies
 * E || * Expeditions
 * gold-hunting phases replaced in 1520’s in way for plantiations
 * 1550-conquest are suspended
 * Mining

-silver form Spain’s wealth in America  -potosl-largest mining containing Peruvian silver  -Huancavelica-2nd based for mining production * Sheep raising=textile sweat-shops

-only Spaniards traded with America  -Board in trade Seville controlled  -alle commerce with America consulado * fleet system: galleons-carried silver belongings to crown

-more money went out of Spain then in ||
 * S || * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Urban with peasants living in small towns and villages
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Taino-people of the Caribbean islands provided surplus labor for individual Spaniards-back up Encomienda workers
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Incoming Spanish immigration
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Importation of African slaves to work on plantation
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Few conquers were professional soldiers
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Some expeditions individuals Spanish women
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Spaniards free Indians form unjust service after questioning of morals
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Enslavement of Indians prohibited by mid 16th century creating a new labor and and taxation system (mita)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Spanish America- agrarian society
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Increasing labor and taxes form natives
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Abuses of the system by the local officials, and community labor requriments also were disruptive and destructive to Indian live forcing many Indians to leave
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Increases in Spanish land ownership and farming ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">P || * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Administrative institutions: governorship, treasury. royal court of appeals set by professional magistrates
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Spanish legalism
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mexico brought under Spanish control by 1535
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Government and economy in created replacing the generation of conquerors
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">All sub-oil rights belonged to government but mines and processing plants owned by individuals with ⅕ payments
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bureaucratic system built with judicial core (letrados) ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I || * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Applied Roman models and rational town planning ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">R || * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The church- represented by missionaries (Dominicans) participated in the enterprise ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I || * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Colonization of America: conquest of 1492-1570

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-colonial institutions and societies took definite form <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> -recognition in both Spanish America and Portuguese Brazil * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Caribbean experience-led to exploration and conquest such as conque of Cuba [|Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda.doc] (scan)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Disease killing of Caribbean peoples leading depopulation on labour populations forcing slaving on other lands
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Treaty of Tordesillas between Castile and Portugal ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">T ||  ||

Sepulveda has spent his entire life in Europe without ever coming into contact with any native americans, which to me classifies this document as biased. Sepulveda is all for the "just war among the Indians", his reason being that the natives are uncivilized and have know means of education to be able to run themselves in general. He even goes to the extent to quote Aristotle's doctrine of natural slavery to the Indians. I understand that at that point and time and everything that people have heard and seen of these Natives are freighting and strange, giving the belief that the Spaniards out of the compassion and moral of their heart are doing the Indians a favor. However what I feel that Sepulveda and probably many like him have taken into account that these Natives are on a completely different level compared to those within the Spain colonies and alike. Due to the lack of communication and contact with outer regions the Natives are not up-to-date with the resources and technologies of other regions. This within its self keeps the region isolated and left to work with the means given to them by natural cause. Also in account to education that Sepulveda continues to fall back on, he fails to realize that none of the Spainards ever gave the Indians a chance to be educated, and if they were at the time there is a possibility that they would have become a dominant race with the knowledge they had then and have acquired now.

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There are multiple difference between Casa and Sepulveda one being, Casa has come into contact with the Natives and has learned their culture and Sepulveda bases his arguments on given facts of others. Casa sees that although the Natives may seem "barbaric" to the eye, they actually have a well centered government, and intelligence that is known well beyond those of the Spainards. He basis his arguments on the evidence that even the Romans at a time considered the Spanish colony barbaric its self and this slavery is just a cycle of "barbarians" working "barbarians". I believe that the only way that you are considered barbaric is if you do not follow in the same beliefs and systems as other nations. This is a continuing cycle that has been going on for years. Applies use of logic by asking why He counters the arguments that it was all in the cause of religion and the conformity by stating that you can not force religion on a person Casa takes the reasons of Aristrotel and takes his own interpretations of what he ment initialy

Serfdom + Encomienda Serfdom: used own people Encomienda: used the workings of Natives

-Encomienda system brought cheap labor where the serfdom also gave way to the Russian manufacturing process

Although forced to pay service to either the Serfdom: Russian and Emcomienda: Spain neither peasant societies where excluded for personal governing service

Encomienda: Peasants could defend the right to their own land

-serfdom move made out of Caesatia based on low economic issues and led more supporters where the Encomienda focused on the makings of Coehersian -Both given to nobilities by a higher power -Catherine- Serfdom -The crown-Encomeineda