Africa

Trading in Africa


 * MI:** Economic change of Global transactions through trade ruin African chronologic balance

Baquaqa: Muslim -member of multiple languages -born in Bein Republic -Captured as a slave during neighboring war and in 1845 he was sold into the Atlantic slave trade -failed to gain freedom through American courts and fled to Boston

Sub-Sahara Africa -Western dominated world economy was a powerful force in recasting framework of African history -Process of religious conversions and social change ruining chronologic balance -Influence on emerging economy through Africa: slave trade -slave based societies throughout modern world

**The Atlantic Slave Trade**

 * MI:** Portuguese's hit contract with small African territories through man trade from **factories** of **El mina**

-Main fort- El Mina -main work accomplished on small local African territories Portuguese benefit: Ivory, pepper, gold, animal skins....etc -Complete religious conversion into Christianity -Images of Portuguese begin to show in the bronze of Benin -Permeant Portuguese foundations in Luanda on the coast -Outer competition in trading stations -Portugal were the first slave traders in Sub-Sahara Africa by 1441 -Sugar plantations -By 1600 the slave trade predominated over all other kinds of commerce on the African coast
 * -**Portuguese hit Africa by 1487 creating **factories** (trading ports)


 * MI:** Slave Trade in numbers

-Between 1450-1850 12million Africans were sailed across the Atlantic -18th century: Great Age of Atlantic slave trade -Slave military was high and fertility was low creating loss of population -Concentration shift


 * MI:** New trade resources for African population such as Maize and Manioc

-Majority of trans Saharan trade of women for use of domestic work -Atlantic soave trade main focus of men for labor workings


 * MI:** Competition of main source of slaves. This slave trade contributed to the formation of emerging Capitalism in the Atlantic world

-Royal African Company -Merchant towns: holding ports of slaves -diseases spread such as Malaria

Currency: Iron bars, brass rings, cowier shells -Indies Piece: the selling of women and children

Both sides of African and European trade in compliance with one another

Triangular trade system is formed

=African Societies, Slavery, and the Slave trade=


 * MI:** The Atlantic trade interacted with and transformed the earlier aspects of slaved societies

-African society slavery varried for peasnt status to something more like chattle slavery: "Property with a soul" -Control of slaves aided individual or liniages to increase their wealth and status -Slaves were used as servants, concubines, soilders, administrators, and feild workers -extensions of lineage and kinship systems -reinforced the herarchies of various African societies -Slaves=Aliens

Women: domestic slavery and lineages extention -Polygyny- more than one life -postion of women dramaticaly lowered

-slavery illeagal to those of the Muslim culture -African rulers did not ensalve their own people, except for crimes or in unusual circumstances; Enslavement was rather done of neighboring regions


 * MI:**Many states of Western Africa were led into instability caused by competion and warfare as the states tried to expand

-Endless wars meant need for more military and made the sale of captives into slave trade an extention of polotics -wars take on religious overtone of belivers against non belivers -contory trend of self sufficentcy and anti suthern ideas developed anomg theses who were inbetween salve attacks -European presence cause shift in Locus of Power -trade of guns prove upper hand of other neighbors


 * MI:** The rise of Ashante and Dahomey increase trade transactions while the arts begin to combine with European dealings

-Several large state developed in West Africa during the slave trade era: ritual authority and luxurious court life -Empire Ashante (Ashanti) rose to prominerce in the period of slave trade -ancenstory of the Akan people -Under the vigourus Osie tutu the title asntelrs was created to designate the supreme civil and religious leader -military reforms -reign until 1820's -2/3 of population consisted of slave trade of the Ashante region -1517 limit of trade form Benin

-Dahomey ancestored of the Fon people -Rise of power in the 17th century -Autocratic and brutal political regime based on slave trade -trade controlled by royal court -As expansion increased, elimination of royal families and customs began to increae -Unified state -Dahomey (19th century) slave state dependence of human trade cause negativity of society Growing divine authority of the rulers paralled the rise of absolutiontism in Europe

-Tradition arts- Bronze castings. wood carving, weaving -Employ of Artifacts of past 16th century -African artists display the spiritual world -combinaion of Affrican and European motifs


 * MI:** The workings of East Africa and Sudan as interior expansion increased as well as Islminization

-East Africa- Swahili trading cities continue on Indian Ocean -Tradings Ivory Gold Slaves -Use of slaves soilders to increase terrtiory

-Arabian Merchants follow European Model producing slave plantations -Large and small kingdoms were supported by the well-watered and heavily populated region of the Great lakes of the interrid -Bantu speakers perdominated - Absorbed immagrants -Luo people created consturctions or related dynasties among the states -Power between 16th-17th century

Islamination entered new and violent stahe -Linked to external slave trade -Break up of songhay creats several succesor states -Muslim reform movements spread through Sudan -Affected the Fulani- Pastoral people who spread across abroad area of the Western Suduan -By 1840's Islaminization spread theough interior of West Africa


 * MI:**

-Southern Africa- Argricultural -Expansion=Competion -Plantahom form east Indaia trading company -suppourted by slave trade form Indonesia and Asia to increase productions -1760 slavery labor source potential increase -Boers- people of South Africa -expansion tword the north -Limits of luxury