From+Hunter+Gatherings+to+Civilizaton

1) Define Civilization

A group of people gathered together with diffrent societys bound together in a nation that fits their survival needs

2) ESPIRIT Chart on Early Civilization media type="custom" key="6863707" width="385" height="130" Assyria
 * E || *  Sennacherib wanted his palace to be built on solid ground so he had the [|course] of the river changed to water** farm ** land


 * mining and forestry during times of expansion ||
 * S || * At the beginning of the eighth century B.C. King Sennacherib ruled Assyria. Soon After Sennacherib ruled Kings from the west rebel
 * Immigrants?


 * Pay tribute ||
 * P || * Assyrian army
 * King Sennacherib- Monarchy ||
 * I || * From about 900 B.C. Assyrian kings sent out their armies to conquer new lands. ||
 * R || * Assyrian gods and goddesses to the city of Nineveh which included sacrifices


 * Ashurism and Christianity ||
 * I || *  The palace was decorated with huge [|columns] of bronze or cedar.
 * Large stone statues of human-headed winged bulls and lions guarded the doorways.
 * Literature, which initially used a [|cuneiform] alphabet from the Babylonians written on clay tablets. ||
 * T || *  Because there wasn't enough water, a canal was built from the mountains to the orchards. ||

 ** Key terms **

Paleolithic (Old stone) Age (0-12000B.C.E.) - The 2 million years of human existence. This is most commonly known as Cave man time, the time of Hunter Gathering and use of stone tools.

Homo Sapiens- Human species that emerged during the Paleolithic Age known as the most successful of that time. The evolution of humans still continues on today, and is still considered the top species within this time.

Neolithic (New Stone) Age (8000-5000 B.C.E.)- The beginning of the adaptation of sedentary agriculture; domestication of plants, and animals. Many do not believe in this term seeing as revolution means a transformation and agriculture has been around for thousand of years, I think the real transformation is the process in which humans have learned to use these domestications and apply it to their society.

Neolithic Rev. - The beginning of technologic inventions and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture.

Bronze Age (4000-1500 B.C.E.) - the discovery of metal tools (ex: copper and bronze). The creation of these tools made for more efficient and easier farming, then in the times of stone.

Catal Huyuk (7000 B.C.E.) - Early urban culture based on agriculture. High population located in Turkey

Civilization- Societies distinguished by agriculture. Civilization is most commonly known as those who live in cities, however at the time most people lived in rural areas. However these “civilizations” were mostly ruled by some kind of government to create stability within that society. Big civilizations were mostly seen as highly developed communities such as in terms of writing and technology,

Ziggurats- Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes created by Sumerians. These complexes were used to honor certain gods of certain cities. These temples were usually operated by priests that would help in prayer to prevent Environmental disasters and create good outcomes.

City states- A form of political government that ruled Mesopotamian societies. Usually governed by kings.

Sumerians- People who migrated into Mesopotamia around 4000 B.C.E.; They helped evolve the society into times of city states and real civilization.

Hammurabi- King of Babylonia, he created one of the most famous law codes, some of which are transformed into our laws today. His law helped regulate property lights and duties of family members. During those uncivilized times, harsh punishment was met, such as death.

Huanghe (Yellow river) - Isolated civilization of China where they praised God like kings.

Indus River- River source in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian sea; location of Horappan civilization helping give them regulated water.

 ** Apparts chart ** A   P    P    A    R    T    S
 * Hammurabi King of Babylon.
 * --ruled from 1800-1750 B.C.E
 * Babylon (Iran)
 * Created during the time of his reign
 * Created during Ancient Mesopotamian times
 * Discovered in 1901 C.E
 * Created during uncivilized times
 * People of Babylon. The people in the society would be forces to follow the laws in fear for their life or imprisonment
 * To " set general standards of justice"
 * To promote fear in order to enforce laws and obedience among the society
 * To separate the honest from the dishonest
 * Eye for an Eye-"If a man has put out the eye of a free man, they shall put out his eye ( individual revenge)
 * Put to death if not proven against him
 * Slave discrimination- " if he puts out the eye of a free man's slave or breaks the bone of a free man's slave, he shall pay half the price"
 * Based on the specific laws given, you can understand that the people of that time were uncivilized
 * Religion entwined its self within the law such as the belief that injustice things that have happened will be judged and known in the eyes of god. Also certain gods themselves shall aid the person in attaining their justice based on the crime.

 ** Chapter 1 summary **  In the early times of the Stone Age and Bronze Age, there has always been some form of civilization, based on agricultural differences. These civilizations of course have evolved over the years, as population increase, and new discoveries are made, the Sumerians themselves brought the knowledge of symbols to those of Mesopotamia. As these civilizations become more complex however, need for structure is needed in order to maintain order and create a protected and powerful nation. To achieve that, different types for governments are established (pending on the place) based on either religious beliefs or political standards. With and of these types of government comes the creation of law such as Hammurabi’s code, which induced fear and honesty in order for that law to be held. If all these key developments are met, there is bound to be a civilization within that environment, which is what we learn in more depth of this chapter.